Application of Acupotomy in a Knee Osteoarthritis Model in Rabbit.

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the most frequently encountered diseases in the orthopedic department, which seriously reduces the quality of life of people with KOA. Among several pathogenic factors, the biomechanical imbalance of the knee joint is one of the main causes of KOA. Acupotomology believes that restoring the mechanical balance of the knee joint is the key to treating KOA. Clinical studies have shown that acupotomy can effectively reduce pain and improve knee mobility by reducing adhesion, contracture of soft tissues, and stress concentration points in muscles and tendons around the knee joint. In this protocol, we used the modified Videman method to establish a KOA model by immobilizing the left hindlimb in a straight position. We have outlined the method of operation and the precautions related to acupotomy in detail and evaluated the efficacy of acupotomy in conjunction with the theory of "Modulating Muscles and Tendons to Treat Bone Disorders" through the detection of the mechanical properties of quadriceps femoris and tendon, as well as cartilage mechanics and morphology. The results show that acupotomy has a protective effect on cartilage by adjusting the mechanical properties of the soft tissues around the knee joint, improving the cartilage stress environment, and delaying cartilage degeneration.

Acupotomy ameliorates subchondral bone absorption and mechanical properties in rabbits with knee osteoarthritis by regulating bone morphogenetic protein 2-Smad1 pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of acupotomy on the subchondral bone absorption and mechanical properties in rabbits with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). METHODS: The rabbits were divided into blank control, model, acupotomy and electroacupuncture (EA) groups, with 12 rabbits in each. Modified Videman's method was used to prepare KOA model. The acupotomy and EA group were given indicated intervention for 3 weeks. The behavior of rabbits in each group was recorded. Subsequently, cartilage-subchondral bone units were obtained and morphological changes were observed by optical microscope and micro computed tomography. Compression test was used to detect the mechanical properties of subchondral bone, Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were applied to detect the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2-Smad1 (BMP2-Smad1) pathway in subchondral bone. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, rabbits in the KOA group showed lameness, knee pain, and cartilage degradation; the subchondral bone showed active resorption, the mechanical properties decreased significantly and the BMP2-Smad1 pathway downregulated significantly. Both acupotomy and EA intervention could increase the thickness of trabecular bone (Tb. Th), the bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and the thickness of subchondral bone plate, reduce the separation of trabecular bone (Tb. Sp), improve the maximum load and elastic modulus of subchondral bone, and effectively delay cartilage degeneration in KOA rabbits. This process may be achieved through upregulation the related proteins of BMP2-Smad1 pathway. The maximum load and elastic modulus of subchondral bone in the acupotomy group were slightly better than those in the EA group. CONCLUSIONS: Acupotomy could effectively protect cartilage by inhibiting abnormal bone resorption and improving mechanical properties of subchondral bone thorough the related proteins of BMP2-Smad1 pathway in KOA rabbits.

Acupotomy inhibits aberrant formation of subchondral bone through regulating osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand pathway in rabbits with knee osteoarthritis induced by modified Videman method.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of acupotomy on inhibiting abnormal formation of subchondral bone in rabbits with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). METHODS: A total of 24 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into four groups of 6 rabbits each [control, model, electroacupuncture (EA) and acupotomy]. Eighteen KOA model rabbits were established using a modified Videman method. Rabbits in EA and acupotomy groups received the intervention for 3 weeks. Then, the cartilage and subchondral bone unit were obtained and the histomorphological changes were recorded. Osteo-protegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in subchondral bone were evaluated by Western blotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Compared with the model group, both the acupotomy and EA groups showed a significant decrease in the Lequesne index (both 0.01) and Mankin score ( 0.01, < 0.05). In addition, both EA and acupotomy groups had a higher expression of total articular cartilage (TAC) ( 0.05, < 0.01) and lower expression of articular calcified cartilage (ACC)/TAC ( 0.05, < 0.05) compared with the model group. The thickness of the subchondral bone plate in EA and acupotomy groups were decreased (both 0.01) compared to the model group. Moreover, trabecular bone volume (BV/TV), protein and relative expression of OPG and the ratio of OPG/RANKL in the subchondral bone of acupotomy group were decreased statistically significant, while these parameters were not significantly changed in the EA group compared with the model group. CONCLUSIONS: In the rabbit model of KOA, acupotomy inhibits aberrant formation of subchondral bone by suppressing OPG/RANKL ratio as a potential therapy for KOA.

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma complicated with Epstein-Barr virus-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: report of two cases and review of literature / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological features, treatment and prognosis of patients with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AILT) complicated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Methods:The clinical data of 2 cases of AILT with EBV-positive DLBCL in the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital were retrospectively analyzed, and the literature was reviewed.Results:One case of complex lymphoma (CL) developed from low fever with systemic superficial lymphadenopathy, the right axillary tumor biopsy showed that AILT complicated with EBV-positive DLBCL. After 8 cycles of chemotherapy, the patient reached unconfirmed complete remission, then received maintenance treatment with chidamide and survived until the deadline. Another case of discordant lymphoma began with subcutaneous nodules and then developed progressive enlargement of superficial lymph nodes. The pathological examination of subcutaneous nodule diagnosed as DLBCL, and the pathological examination of right inguinal lymph node diagnosed as AITL. After 7 cycles of chemotherapy, the patient died of hemophagocytic syndrome.Conclusions:AILT with EBV-positive DLBCL is rare. The main clinical symptom is AITL and the immunophenotypic characteristic indicates the presence of T cells and B cells. At the same time, the prognosis is poor, and the treatment strategy mainly depends on the lymphoma type with unfavorable prognosis.

Spatial Pyramid Covariance-Based Compact Video Code for Robust Face Retrieval in TV-Series.

We address the problem of face video retrieval in TV-series, which searches video clips based on the presence of specific character, given one face track of his/her. This is tremendously challenging because on one hand, faces in TV-series are captured in largely uncontrolled conditions with complex appearance variations, and on the other hand, retrieval task typically needs efficient representation with low time and space complexity. To handle this problem, we propose a compact and discriminative representation for the huge body of video data, named compact video code (CVC). Our method first models the face track by its sample (i.e., frame) covariance matrix to capture the video data variations in a statistical manner. To incorporate discriminative information and obtain more compact video signature suitable for retrieval, the high-dimensional covariance representation is further encoded as a much lower dimensional binary vector, which finally yields the proposed CVC. Specifically, each bit of the code, i.e., each dimension of the binary vector, is produced via supervised learning in a max margin framework, which aims to make a balance between the discriminability and stability of the code. Besides, we further extend the descriptive granularity of covariance matrix from traditional pixel-level to more general patch-level, and proceed to propose a novel hierarchical video representation named spatial pyramid covariance along with a fast calculation method. Face retrieval experiments on two challenging TV-series video databases, i.e., the Big Bang Theory and Prison Break, demonstrate the competitiveness of the proposed CVC over the state-of-the-art retrieval methods. In addition, as a general video matching algorithm, CVC is also evaluated in traditional video face recognition task on a standard Internet database, i.e., YouTube Celebrities, showing its quite promising performance by using an extremely compact code with only 128 bits.

Learning Expressionlets via Universal Manifold Model for Dynamic Facial Expression Recognition.

Facial expression is a temporally dynamic event which can be decomposed into a set of muscle motions occurring in different facial regions over various time intervals. For dynamic expression recognition, two key issues, temporal alignment and semantics-aware dynamic representation, must be taken into account. In this paper, we attempt to solve both problems via manifold modeling of videos based on a novel mid-level representation, i.e., expressionlet. Specifically, our method contains three key stages: 1) each expression video clip is characterized as a spatial-temporal manifold (STM) formed by dense low-level features; 2) a universal manifold model (UMM) is learned over all low-level features and represented as a set of local modes to statistically unify all the STMs; and 3) the local modes on each STM can be instantiated by fitting to the UMM, and the corresponding expressionlet is constructed by modeling the variations in each local mode. With the above strategy, expression videos are naturally aligned both spatially and temporally. To enhance the discriminative power, the expressionlet-based STM representation is further processed with discriminant embedding. Our method is evaluated on four public expression databases, CK+, MMI, Oulu-CASIA, and FERA. In all cases, our method outperforms the known state of the art by a large margin.

Teniposide-based regimen for 16 patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and adverse effects of the teniposide-based regimen in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Methods Between March 2011 and July 2013, 16 patients with PCNSL were diagnosed and treated. The clinical characteristics, diagnosis,therapy, results and adverse effects were analyzed. Results Totally 16 patients were enrolled and diagnosed as primary central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. All patients received teniposide-based regimen chemotherapy and 9 patients received teniposide plus rituximab. The overall response rate was 87.5 % (14/16), including 10 cases of CR and 4 cases of PR. With a median follow-up of 13.5 months, the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates of 2 years were 29.9 % and 66.7 %, respectively. The mainly hematological adverse events were neutropenia, including grade 3 in 4 cases (25 %) and grade 4 just in one case. There was one case of treatment related death. Conclusions The response rate of teniposide-based regimen for PCNSL is promising. The 2 year PFS and OS rates are even higher than results of traditional high-dose methotrexate regimen. The teniposide-based regimen is well tolerated, and the adverse events are acceptable.

Clinical features and therapeutic effect of 15 mantle cell lymphoma patients / 军事医学

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and recent curative effect of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) after conventional treatment.Methods Clinical data of 15 MCL patients admitted in the Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences between August 2004 and October 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The median age of those patients was 59 and the male to female ratio was 1.5∶1.Fourteen(93%)cases were in Ann-Arbor stages Ⅲ -Ⅳ, 15 cases (100%)primarily with lymph node involvement,7 cases (47%)with bone marrow involvement,4 cases (27%)with gastrointestinal involvement,and 3 cases (20%)with orbit involvement.Less than 40% expression of Ki-67 was observed in 9 cases (60%),while 6 cases were with more than 40% (40%).One case was blastic variant.First-line therapy was CHOP-like regimens,which were combined with rituximab in 8 of the 15 cases.In this study,the median survival time was 12 months (3 -64),and the overal response rate was 80%after induction chemotherapy.The current survival of 7 /9 cases with less than 40% expression of Ki-67 was 8 -64 months,2 /6 cases with more than 40% expression of Ki-67 was 8 and 9 months,respectively.Conclusion MCL mostly occurs in older males.Extranodal invasion is common in MCL as an aggressive tumor.The efficacy of traditional chemotherapy is currently limited.Blastic variant or high expression of Ki-67 is an adverse prognostic indicator.

Perspective research of preliminarily diagnosed angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma with dose-adjusted EPOCH regimen / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective:The effect and side effect of the dose-adjusted EPOCH regimen were evaluated perspectively for the pre-liminarily diagnosed angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. Methods: Nine cases of untreated angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma were diagnosed and enrolled in our department from September 2008 to September 2012. All patients received dose-adjusted EPOCH regimen as first-line chemotherapy. Results: The median age of 9 patients was 54 years. The male-to-female ratio was 2∶1. About 88.9%of all patients were at Ann Arbor stageⅢ/Ⅳ, and 77.8%presented with B symptoms. Anemia was found in 66.7%of 9 patients, and lactate dehydrogenase elevated in 55.6%of patients. After an average of 4.7 cycles of chemotherapy of dose-adjusted EPOCH regi-men, the complete remission rate was 22.2%, and the total response rate was 66.7%. With a median follow-up of 20 months, the 4-year progression-free survival rate was 11.1%, and the overall survival rate was 33.3%. The median survival time was 19 months. The most common adverse events of EPOCH chemotherapy were hematologic toxicity. Grades 3-4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were re-ported in 77.8%and 33.3%of patients. Febrile neutropenia was observed in 44.4%of patients. Non-treatment-related mortality was al-so noted. Conclusion: The results of our research showed no clear benefit of treating preliminarily diagnosed angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma with dose-adjusted EPOCH regimen. The main adverse events were hematologic toxicity and could be tolerated.

Retrospective analysis of twenty-six patients with primary gastric diffuse large B cell lymphoma:the contribution of rituximab / 军事医学

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics , diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of new diagnosed pri-mary gastric diffuse large B cell lymphoma ( PGDLBCL) and to discuss the efficacy of rituximab .Methods Between Jan 2005 and May 2012 , twenty-six new-diagnosed PGDLBCL patients were reviewed retrospectively .The clinical characteris-tics, diagnosis, therapy, results and prognostic factors were analyzed .Results There were 14 males and 12 females.Their age ranged from 25 to 82 (median, 50.1) years old.The most common symptom was stomachache .Treatment strategies were chemotherapy alone ( n=9) [ scheduled as cyclophosphamide , doxorubicin , vincristine and prednisone ( CHOP) and CHOP-like] and chemotherapy combined with rituximab (n=17), followed by radiotherapy of the stomach with or without regional nodes .All clinical and pathological features were similar between the two groups .The median follow-up time was 40 months.The overall response rate was 100%(9/9)in CHOP group, including 55.56%(5/9) CR, and 93.75%(15/16) in RCHOP group including 50%(8/16) CR (P>0.05).The total PFS and OS of 5 years were 60.3%and 74.4%respectively.The PFS in CHOP group and RCHOP group was 66.7% and 58.9%, respectively,and the OS was 66.7%and 84.6%, respectively.Although the OS of RCHOP group was much better than that of CHOP group , there was no sta-tistically significant difference.Univariate analysis showed that IPI (P<0.05) and Lugano staging (P<0.05) were inde-pendent factors of survival in patients with PGDLBCL .Conclusion Chemotherapy could be the first-line therapy of PGDL-BCL.The overall survival rate might be increased by adding rituximab to chemotherapy .The Lugano stage and IPI are im-portant prognostic factors .

Efficacy observation on the treatment of a novel regimen based on boanmycin for patients with refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma / 白血病·淋巴瘤

ObjectiveTo observe the activity and safety of a novel combination therapy for patients with recurrent or refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).MethodsSix consecutive patients with recurrent or refractory aggressive NHL were treated with B-VIP regimen,boanmycin (5 mg/m2 on Days 1,4,8,12 and 15),vincristine (1.4 mg/m2 on Days 1,8 and 15),ifosfamide (1.2 g/m2 on Days 1,2,3 and 15,16,17) and prednisone (50 mg on Days 1 to 10),every 21 days.All the patients had received ≥5 cycles (average 8.3 cycles) of previous chemotherapy.ResultsSix patients (100 ％) were evaluable for response.The overall objective response rate was 66.7 ％ (4 patients),including 1 case complete (CR) and 3 cases partial responses.Myelosuppression was the most frequent serious complication of this regimen.ConclusionIn the current study,B-VIP was a highly active and safe combination therapy for patients with refractory disease with a poor prognosis or for patients with multiply recurrent aggressive NHL.

Analysis of clinicopathological features and surgical safety of hepatocellular carcinoma in aged patients / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To explore the clinicopathological features and safety of surgical treatment in aged patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The clinical data of 316 patients with HCC undergoing hepatectomy in our hospital from December 2005 to December 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into an aged group (≥60 years,n= 72) and a non-aged group (＜60 years, n=244). The clinicopathological data and surgical outcomes were compared between the 2 groups. Results The aged group presented less hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive rates and vascular invasion and a lower alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) value when compared with the non-aged group (P＜0.05). No significant differences were found in the extent of hepatectomy, operative duration, intraoperative blood loss, blood transfusion requirements, incidence of postoperative complication and mortality rate between the 2 groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion The aged patients with HCC were characterized by less HBsAg positive rate, vascular invasion and lower alphafetoprotein (AFP) value. Surgical resection for HCC in aged patients is safe. The attitude toward surgical treatment of aged patients with HCC should be active.

Ultrasound guidence in nerve block of femoral nerve emergency department / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate ultrasound guidended nerve block of femoral nerve in emergency operation.Methods 40 patients who planned to accept surgery of feet,lower limb under knee.They were randomly devided into 2 groups:ultrasound guidended group and the control group.Femoral nerve and Sciatic nerve were blocked by ultrasound guidended technique or classic landmark technique.1.5% lidocaine was administered for nerve block.Sensory block was observed every 5 minutes in 30 minutes.Onset time,effect of anesthesia,algesia time and complications were recorded.T-test and varience difference were applied.Results The onset time of local anesthetics was faster in the ultrasound guided group than that of the control group.Effect of analgesia was better in in the ultrasound guided group than that of the control group. Conclusion Nerve block of femoral nerve and the sciatic nerve guided by ultrasound was better than the classic technique.

Comparison of volatile oil from 4 kinds of herbs by steam distillation and supercritical fluid extraction / 中成药

AIM: To find the optimum extraction of volatile oil. METHOD: To extract the volatile oil by steam distillation or supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). RESULT: (1) The optimum extraction of volatile oil extracting by steam distillation is: Ligustricum Chuanxiong Hort.:Soak time 12 hrs, thin powder, extract time 3hrs, and to add water with 1∶10; Alpinia Officinarum Hance: Soak time 0 hr, thick powder, extract time 3 hrs, and to add water with 1∶10; Curcuma Wenyujin Y.H. chen C. Ling: Soak time 24hrs, mild powder, extract time 1.5hrs, and to add water with 1∶5; Notopterygium incisum Ting: Soak time 0 hr, thick powder, extract time 3 hrs, and to add water with 1∶10. (2) The best condition of volatile oil extracting by SFE is: Ligustricum Chuanxiong Hort.: 60℃, thin powder, press 25MPa, extract time 1.5hrs; Alpinia Officinarum Hance: 60℃, mild powder, press 25MPa, extract time 0.5hr; Curcuma Wenyujin Y.H. chen C. Ling: 60℃, thin powder, press 20MPa, extract time 1 hr; Notopterygium incisum Ting: 60℃, thin powder, press 25MPa, extract time 1hr. CONCLUSION: Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is superior to steam distillation.

Effects of Hypoxia and Endotoxin on Pulmonary Pressor Response and Lung Fluid Exchange in Conscious Goats / 第三军医大学学报

The effects of hypoxia and endotoxin, acting alone or in combination, on pulmonary pressor response and lung fluid exchange were studied in 9 conscious goats. Hypoxia(simulating a high altitude of 4,000 m for 5 hours) elevated the pulmonary arterial pressure, but exerted no effect on lung lymph flow, the protein concentration ratio between lymph and plasma, and the clearance rate of lung lymph protein. Three stages were noted after endotoxin injection; the phase of pulmonary hypertension, the phase of pulmonary microvascular injury, and the phase of increased pulmonary microvascular permeability. No obvious difference was observed when endotoxin was acting alone or in combination with hypoxia.The results suggest that 1) the mechanism of pulmonary pressor response induced by hypoxia is somewhat different from that induced by endotoxin, 2)no obvious increase in pulmonary microvascular permeability was noticed during hypobaric hypoxia, and 3) alveolar hypoxia could not enhance the endotoxin-induced lung injury.